Intro Speech free essay sample

Introductory Informative Unit 1 . Identify the major similarities and differences between public speaking and everyday conversation. Similarities I Differences I Logical organization of thoughts (Message organized by a speaker)- Tailoring your message to your audience (explain something differently to a child than you would to a grandparent, or a peer)- Telling stories/relaying information for maximum impact (Build up, adjustment to punch line)- Adapting to listener feedback (react to verbal, facial, and physical responses from listeners) I -? P.S is more structured (time imitations, one-sided, less conversational; requires planning preparation)-? P. S requires more formal language (elevated, polished, special language, no slang)-? P. S requires a different method of delivery (avoiding vocalizes pauses or clutter words: great control over mannerism; vocal adjustment) I 2. Discuss methods of controlling nervousness and making it work for, rather than against, the speaker 1. Acquire speaking experience (make It less of an unknown; Improve Vial trial and error) 2. We will write a custom essay sample on Intro Speech or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Prepare, prepare, prepare (Increases confidence, knowledge) 3. Think positively (convert negative thoughts to positive ones) 4. Visualize (create positive mental images) 5. Know that most nervousness is not visible 6. Dont expect perfection (its an act of communication, not a performance; minor errors often unnoticed) 3. Identify and discuss the basic elements of the speech communication process 1 . Speaker: the person presenting an oral message too listener. 2.Message: whatever a speaker communicates to someone else Includes intended as well as actual message; goal is for them to be the same 3. Channel: means by which message is communicated On-person, telephone; multiple channels for different audiences) 4. Listener: the person who receives the speakers . Importance of listener frame of reference tailor your message to the message likely frames of reference of your audience members 5. Feedback: messages, usually nonverbal, sent from listener to speaker (applause, slouching) 6.Interference: anything that impedes communication of a message c. Internal: individuals moods d. External: noise distraction 7. Situation: the time and place in which speech communication occurs context e. Messages and delivery must be adapted to situation I. 5 minutes left to finish 7 minutes speech. 4. Define Ethnocentrism, and explain why speakers need to avoid it -? Ethnocentrism: The belief that ones own group or culture Is superior to all other groups or culture. Unintentional, but nonetheless harmful) -? To avoid: adapt message to the cultural values and expectations of listeners. * Learn about audience Be alert to audience feedback Plato said all public speakers should be truthful and devoted to the good of society * Your ethical decisions will be guided by your values, your conscience, your sense of right and wrong. * Sound ethical decisions involve weighing a potential course of action against a set of ethical standards or guidelines * Make sure you prepare lull, so that you dont communicate erroneous information or misleading advice. . List and describe the five guidelines for ethical speechifying. * Make sure your goals are ethically sound * Worth goals * Ask ethical questions * Cannot escape assessing the ethical soundness of your goals * Be fully prepared for each speech * You have an obligation to yourself and your listeners * Being prepared for speech involves everything from analyzing your audience to creating visual aids, organizing your ideas, to rehearsing your delivery * Be fully informed on your subject. Get your facts rights. Be honest in what you say Most important part * Words can be trusted and people will be truthful * False statistics, quoting out of context, misrepresenting sources, portraying a few details as the whole story, and substituting half-truths for evidence and proof. Wrong * Ethically responsible speakers do not take credit of other peoples words * Avoid name- calling and other forms of abusive language * Name-calling: The use of personal language to defame, demeans, or degrade indivi duals or groups. This reinforces attitudes that encourage prejudice; hate crime, civil rights violation * Put ethical principles into practice Use ethics in your every day life 7. Identify and differentiate among Global plagiarism, patchwork plagiarism, and incremental plagiarisms * Global plagiarism * Stealing your speech entirely from another source and passing it off on your own. * Patchwork plagiarism * This is where a writer takes from two or three sources. * Incremental Plagiarism * Fails to give credit for particular parts or increments of the speech that are borrowed from other people. Most common with quotations and paraphrases * Common with quotations and paraphrases. 8. List and discuss the three basic guidelines for ethical listening * Be courteous ND Attentive * Give a speaker a same attention that you would like to receive * Sit up straight, no slouch, keep an eye contact, show supporting and encouraging attitude * Avoiding PREJUDGING the speaker * You don not have to agree with everything that the speaker is saying, but you should listen carefully to his/her ideas, assess the evidence and reasoning offered and reach an intelligent Judgment about the speech. Maintain the Free and Open expression of Ideas * Though disagree with the entire message, but show respect speakers right to * Hearing is a physiological process, involving the vibration of so und waves on our eardrums and the firing of electrochemical impulses from the inner ear to the central auditory system of brain. * Listening involves paying close attention to, and making sense of, what we hear 10. Explain why good listening is important to effective speech making * By having a good listening skills will allow you to hear accurate information, summarize the information well, recall the facts right, distinguish the main points from minor points easily. This will allow you to organize much easily, making it much easier for you make a speech. 11. Four major causes of poor listening * Not concentrating We can process a speakers words and still have plenty of spare brain time, we are tempted to interrupt our listening by thinking about other things. Listening too hard * Taking up too much information while hearing will end up obfuscates the facts. * Jumping to conclusion * Putting words into a speakers mouth. * We tend to think that were so sure with what they mean in that we dont listen to what they actually say. * Prematurely rejecting speakers ideas as boring or misguided. * Focus on delivery and personal appearance * We sometimes Judge people by their appearance and dont even pay close attention to what they say.Major sources of interference in speech communication process. 12. Six ways to become a better listener * Take listening seriously * Practice and self-discipline * Its a pure effort * Be an Active Listeners * Give undivided attention to the speaker * No distraction by internal or external interference * No procurement on speaker * Develop note taking skills * Resist Distractions * Make a conscious effort to pull your mind back to what the speaker is saying. Think ahead of the speaker * Review what the speaker has said and understand * Dont be diverted by appearance and delivery Suspend Judgment * Respect speakers opinion, no show of disagreement while speaker is speaking * Focus Your listening * Listen for main points * Listen of evidence * Listen for technique * What attention de vice? Credibility and good will? Clear to follow? Accurate, clear? * Develop note taking skills * Focus a speakers main points and evidence. 13. Explain why effective use of language is vital to speech composition and public * Allow listeners to grasp your meaning immediately. Helps bring your speech to life (imagery, concrete language, simile and metaphor) * Able to adapt to any types of situations and environment 14. Explain four methods one can use when having trouble choosing a speech topic. * Personal Inventory * Make a quick inventory of your experiences, interests, hobbies, skills, beliefs, and so forth * Fashion a specific topic * Clustering * Make columns of various categories. * Ex) people places, things, events, processes, concepts, natural phenomena and so forth * Internet Search * Browse through a subject-based website, online encyclopedia or any reference portal. Topics that you know a lot about/ Topic that interests you/ Brainstorm for topics 15. Differentiate among the general purpose, specific purpose and central idea f the speech. * General Purpose The broad goal of a speech; to inform/ to persuade (Two -word infinitive phrase) * Specific Purpose A single infinitive phrase that states precisely what speaker hopes to accomplish in his or her speech * Shows what the speaker wants the audience to grasp at the end of the speech. Central idea of the speech concise statement of what you expect to say * Thesis statement, major thought * Simple, declarative sentence that sharpens the specific purpose statement. 16. Formulate effective specific purpose statements and central ideas * Specific repose: to inform my audience about the effectiveness of Crossfire * Central ideas: Crossfire contains diverse, practical, and high intensity movement that includes weightlifting, gymnastics, and metabolic conditioning. *17.Lucas five tips for formulating specific purpose statements and the five questions to ask about them * Specific Purpose: * Write the purpose statement as a full infinitive phrase, not as a fragment Not thoug ht out fully then no effective * Express your purpose as a statement, not as a question * Gives no clear direction of the speech * Avoid figurative language in your purpose statement Too ambiguous * Limit your purpose statement to one distinct idea * Focus on one * Make sure your specific purpose is not too vague or general * Five Questions about Specific Purpose * Does my purpose meet the assignment? Be sure that you understand the assignment and shape your specific purpose * Can I accomplish my purpose and the time allotted? To meet it * Better off with limited purpose * Is the purpose relevant to my audience? * Make sure that you are truly interested in the topic the topic to your audience * Is the purpose too trivial for my audience? * Find a way to relate *18.Discuss and apply the four guidelines for effective central ideas expressed in a full sentence * Should not be in the form of a question * Should avoid figurative language * Should not be vague or overly general *19. Discuss the four kinds of informative speeches * Speeches about objects * Speeches about processes * Speeches about events * Speeches about concept *20.Explain and apply the five guidelines for informative speaking overestimate what the audience know * Explain thoroughly * Listeners are only vaguely knowledgeable * Relate this subject directly to the audience * Gain attention from the audience Show that you are interested * Should be * Dont * you and your to relate it to their interests * Dont be too technical * May be too specialized for the audience * Avoid abstractions * Description: a statement that depicts a person, event, idea, with clarity with vividness * Use comparisons to create concrete and familiar terms Compare/Contrast * Personalize your ideas * To present ones ideas in human terms that can relate in some fashion to the experience of the audience * Be Creative * Constructing your informative speech creatively * Visual aids, props 21 .Three ways to Avoid abstractions * Use description Use comparison * Use contrast 22. Why is it important for speeches to be organized clearly and coherently? Speech organization is important and closely connected to critical thinking. * you gain practice in the general skill of establishing clear relationships among your ideas. * Using a clear specific method can boost confidence and improve your ability to deliver the message fluently * Higher comprehension from the audience * Higher opinion of the speaker * Coherence is key because speakers only have one chance to get the point across 23. Five strategic methods of organizing main points in speech * ChronologicalOrder * Follow a time pattern * Narrate series of events in the sequence * Spatial Order * Top to bottom, left to right, front to back * Causal Order * Shows a cause and effect relationship * Two main points * Problem-solution Order * Divided into two main points * First shows the existence and seriousness of a problem solution to the problem * Topical Order * Second shows the * Main points divide the topic into logical and consistent subtopics, which becomes a main point. 24. Guidelines for organizing main points * Keep main points separate * Each main point must be clearly independent of others * Try to use the same tatter of wording for main points * Consistent pattern of wording * Improves Increase Teaches * Parallelism * Balance the amount of time devoted to main points * Doesnt have to be exact, Just close 25. Four kinds of speech connectives * Transitions * Words or phrases that indicate that the speaker has Just completed one thought and is moving on to next one * Internal Previews * Let the audience know what is going to come up next. They are much more detailed then transitions * Internal Summaries * Remind listeners of what they have Just heard * Signposts * Brief statements that indicate exactly where you are in the speech First, second, third cause * Use questions 26. Four objectives of a speech introduction 1. Get the attention and interest of your audience 2. Reveal the topic of your speech a. Clearly state your topic 3. Establish your credibility and good will. B. Respect audiences value * EX) c. Qualified to speak on a given topic and of being perceived as qualified by your listeners d. Credibility: the audiences perception of whether a speaker is qualified to speak on a given topic e. Goodwill: the audiences perception of whether the speaker has the best interests of the audience in mind. 4. Preview the body of the speech f.Thesis statement, summarize what will come up in body paragraph 27. Seven methods that can be used to gain attention in an introduction * Relate topic to the * People pay attention to the things you say that affect them directly. * Relate the topic to your listeners by using words: you and your. * State the Importance to your topic * Why should the audience listen to your topic? How important is your speech? * Demonstrate the significance of the topic, so that the listeners will know why they should think so. * Startle the Audience * One of the interesting ways to arouse the audiences attention is to startle them tit an intriguing statement. BUT, when you make a strong opening simply to just shock people and then move on to different topic, the audience will be lost in the middle. * Arouse the Curiosity of the Audience * Everyone is curious about everything. * Build suspenseful mood to your introduction * Question the Audience * Ask a rhetorical question: A question that the audience answers mentally rather than out loud. * This will help the audience to draw in and be more focused on your speech. * BUT, you must make a small pause to give the audience a moment to think about the question. * Begin with a Quotation Another way to engage the audience is to start with a fascinating quotation. Quotation from literature, poem, song, or film or from a persons speech. * Tell a Story * Engage audience with a quick anecdote relevant to your topic. * People like hearing stories. * Keep it short 27. Major functions of a speech conclusion * To let the audience know you are ending the speech * To reinforce the audiences understanding of, or commitment to, the central idea. 28. Methods for fulfilling the functions oaf speech conclusion * Signal the end of the speech * Crescendo ending: a conclusion in which the speech builds to a zenith of power ND intensity * Dissolve ending: a conclusion that generates emotional appeal by fading step by step to a dramatic final statement. To reinforce the central idea * Summarize your speech quickly go over the main ideas in your manuscript * End with a quotation end with a quotation that captures the audiences interest * Make a dramatic statement use a powerfully closing line to end your speech Refer to the introduction go back and re-iterate the central idea that you made clear in the introduction 29. Preparation outline vs. . Speaking outline Preparation Outline I Speaking Outline I A detailed outline developed during the process of the speech preparation that includes:Title, specific purpose, central idea, introduction, main points, sub-points, connectives, conclusion, bibliography of a speech I A brief outline used to Jog a speakers memory during the presentation oaf speech. | 30.Guidelines for an effective preparation outline * State the specific purpose of your speech * Identify the central idea * Use a consistent pattern of symbolization and indentation framework * State main points and sub points in full sentences * Label transitions, internal summaries, and internal previews bibliography * MEAL / PAPA * Give your speech a title * Be brief * Attract the attention * Encapsulate the main thrust of your speech 31 . Three major advantages of using visual aids in a speech * Clear visual * Attach a * People will find a speakers message more interesting * Easier to understand * Retain it longer when it i s presented visually as well as verbally 32. Discuss the kinds of visual aids available for seen speeches * Objects and Models * Photographs and drawings * Graphs * Charts * Takes a large block of info and summarizes it * Video * The speaker * Use your body and demonstrated it firsthand Power point * Dont let it dominate your presentation * Dont read directly from the slides * Plan ahead on your slides 33.Guidelines for preparing visual aids * Prepare visual aids well in advance * Keep visual aids simple * Simple, clear, and to the point * Make sure visual aids are large enough * Use a limited amount of text * Keywords * Use fonts effectively * Choose clear ones * Dont use all caps * Use color effectively * Dont use a color that will confuse the audience * Uses image strategically * Dont add photos Just to fill space * Use concrete ones that help get your point across Guidelines for presenting visual aids * Display visual aids where listeners can see them * Avoid passing visual aids the audience * Display visual aids only while discussing them * Explain visual aids clearly and concisely * Visual aid cannot describe itself. So describe * Talk to your audience not your visual aid * Dont lose eye contact while showing your visual aid reaction to the item * Practice with your visual aids * Practice when you will show it * Check the room and equipment * Gage audiences * Check if the equipment will work correctly ex. Powering, video 34.Why good delivery is important to successful speaking It conveys what the speaker wants effectively. * Helps get across the ideas clearly, interestingly, and without distracting the audience * Audiences want formality with the attributes of a conversation: Directness, spontaneity, animation, vocal and facial expressiveness, and a lively sense of communication. *35. Four methods of delivering a speech * Reading from a manuscript * Must be delivered word for word * Make sure you sound vibrant and natural * Reciting from memory * Entirely from memorization * Speaking impromptu * Take notes and pay close attention to the other speakers, so that you will be dead * 1. State the poi nt you are answering * 2. State the point you wish to make * 3.Support your point with appropriate statistics or examples Summarize your point * Speaking extemporaneously * Carefully prepared, rehearse speech * Gives more precise control over thought and language spontaneity and directness than does speaking from memory situations * Offers greater * Adaptable to wide * Conversational quality: presenting a speech so it sounds spontaneous no matter how many times it has been rehearsed *36. Explain the eight aspects of voice usage that are crucial to public seeking * Volume Loudness of softness of the speakers voice * Adjust to the size of the room * Pitch * Highness or lowness of the speakers voice * Use inflections(varieties) in your a voice as you speak something important, or a question, or how something makes you feel. NO MONOTONE * Rate * Rate at which the speaker speaks * The best rate to use depends on many things occasion * Pause * A momentary break in the vocal delivery of a speech * Pause can signal the end * Give time to sink in * Vocal variety * Changes in a speakers rate pitch and volume * Gives the voice variety and expressiveness * Pronunciation Accepted standard of sound and rhythm for words * Practice maybe in front of your friends/family to correct any mispronunciation. * Articulation * The physical production of particular speech sounds * Poor articulation is usually due to laziness not pronunciation Dunn, haft, want * Dialect * Ana, Otto, * A variety f language distinguished by variations of accent, grammar, or vocabulary 37. Why nonverbal communication is important to the speaker * Posture facial expressions, gestures, eye contact all affect the way listeners respond too speaker * Kinesics the study of body motions as a systematic mode f communication * Has significant impact on the meaning communicated by a speaker * people trust their ears less than their eyes 38.Four most important aspects of nonverbal communication * Personal appearance * Dress according to the occasion, or any situation * Makes a good first impression * Movement * Lots of movements come from nervousness * When going to the podium appear calm, and confident * Dont lean on the podium * When closing, maintain eye contact for a few moments * Gestures * Motions of a speakers hands or arms during speech * Should appear natural and spontaneous * Help clarify and reinforce your ideas Gain more attention * Avoid too much gestures * Eye contact * Making direct visual contact with the eyes of another person * Audience looks at eyes to gauge a speakers truthfulness, intelligence, attitudes and feelings 39. Method for effectively practicing delivery * Go through your preparation outline aloud to check how what you have written is translated smoothly to your spoken discourse * Prepare your speaking outline * Practice the speech aloud several time using only the speaking outline. * Begin to polish and refine your delivery * Check for volume pitch rate pauses and vocal variety * Try it out on friends Intro Speech free essay sample This course is designed to acquaint students with the fundamentals of public speaking, organizational skills, social awareness, and critical thinking will be taught and used In class to Improve listening and speaking skills In all forms of communication. Through practice, interactive exercises, and class lectures, students will learn the importance of clear communication in all aspects of their professional and private lives. Group speech preparation, development of introductions and conclusions, as well as the ability to present a dynamic presentation will be the focus of this class.Required Text: Guide to Public Speaking by Lisa A. Ford-Brown My Gateway: Course material, class announcements and grades will be available for viewing at My Gateway. Course Requirements / Expectations: 1 . Attendance Is mandatory. Tardiness Is not acceptable. Tardiness Is counted as absence after the fourth occurrence. As responsible adults, you are expected to keep your commitment to be on time and attend class for the full time. We will write a custom essay sample on Intro Speech or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page THERE WILL BE A SIGN-IN SHEET FOR EACH CLASS. Attendance essential ;n an interactive, performance class. You are expected to have read each assigned chapter BEFORE the lass meeting. In order to succeed, you will need to remain current In ALL readings whether they are discussed In class that day or not, you need to complete speech assignments and attend ALL class sessions. Rather than a traditional lecture format, class time will be spent in collaborative learning activities, delivering and evaluating speeches and individualized diagnosis and repair of your public speaking needs. If a student misses more than 4 classes in a semester, he/she will lose 100 attendance points resulting in a maximum earned class grade in the B range. Bonus points are even for perfect attendance. 2.Each student is expected to be prepared to discuss the assigned text and to participate with class discussions and assignments. 3. One how to, one introductory, one informative, one persuasive, one ceremonial and one presidential with a team. 4. Each student will attend a speech given outside of class and write a critique of that speech. 5. Each student should be prepared for a quiz on assigned text materials and previous class discussions. 6. Intentionally disrupting class or a classmates speech will result in lowering the attendance grade. If disruptive behavior continues, the student will be expelled from class with a failing grade.Students are expected to act as adults in a business / learning environment. Disruptions include, but are not limited to: Coming to class late and being noisy when entering, doing homework during class, having a computer open in class, cell phone usage during class (this includes incoming calls TURN IT OFF), not showing respect for the instructor or fellow students. If you arrive late and a speech is in progress, wait outside the door until the speech is completed. 7. Outlines are required for our of the seven speeches. The how to speech does not need an outline, but a visual aid is recommended. The impromptu is given on a subject you will choose in class from a list provided by the professor. Your initial introductory speech will also have no outline. All others that earn 100 points or more will need an outline Handing in a printed Powering slide presentation will be counted as an outline. Bibliographies are needed with outlines. Outlines may be submitted prior to giving the speech via e-mail using Word formatting or must be handed in the day of the speech BEFORE the speech is given. Five points will be deducted if outlines are not turned in before the speech is given. . The four speeches that require outlines will also require a bibliography of three sources, documented PAP style. PAP will be discussed in a class lecture and it can be found in the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association. 9. All speeches will be delivered in a conversational style from outlines or note cards. No speeches will be read. 10. Persuasive, Informative, Ceremonial, and Presidential speeches will require visual aids. Visual aid preparation, usage and etiquette will be discussed in class. 11. Speech topics must be approved prior to presentation.The instructor reserves the right to refuse duplicate speech topics or those considered ethically or morally inappropriate. Speech topics cannot be changed without the instructors permission. 12. ALL WORK MUST BE ORIGINAL IN THOUGHT, CONTENT, AND DELIVERY. Academic honesty is fundamental to the mission of the university and your reputation. Plagiarism is cheating and will not be tolerated. Students must inform the audience at all times when a source is being used as a quote, paraphrase, or analysis. For SIMMS policy on academic honesty, see the student handbook. 3.Sign up sheets will be available one to two weeks before speeches are due. If a student is NOT READY to give a speech at his/her assigned time, 5 points will be deducted from the score for EACH TIME the student is NOT PREPARED. Obviously, this will greatly affect the overall grade for the speech. SPEECH TYPES: You will be required to give seven speeches in this course. Introductory/Life Change Speech: Give basic information about yourself as an uniqueness of who youve become. (4-6 minutes) Example: Something about culture, family, special experiences, tragedies or passions a real statement about you. How to Speech: Give a speech to tell the class how to do something. This speech is presented in 2nd person. This means the audience will be expected to be able to do whatever is being presented to them. Visual aids are strongly recommended for this speech. (4-6 minutes. ) Impromptu Speech: In the real world, you may be an expert in some field. At any time, you may be called upon by a boss, client, friend, etc. , to talk about your knowledge of this subject. You will be required to deliver this kind of speech during class. A list of topics will be presented the day of the speech.You are to find a topic n which you would be considered an expert and then present this topic. (4-6 minutes) Informative Speech: You are to give a speech on new information. The purpose is to enhance the audiences knowledge about the subject and give YOU a chance to research something new. Gaining and holding the audiences attention is essential. Visual aids MUST be used. (4-6 minutes) Persuasive Speech: This speech should be one that shows opposing points of view, presents information to persuade an audience to change their way of thinking, think about something new or to reinforce an already agreed upon solution.More than one point of view MUST be presented. Visual aid is required. (4-6 minutes) Special Occasion, Commemorative, or Ceremonial Speech: This speech should be one of tribute, inspiration or celebration. The purpose is to increase the audiences good will and respect toward your subject. It can praise an event, a person, a social group, an institution or profession. Visual aids MUST be used. (4-6 minutes) Presidential / Group: This speech is a group project. The instructor assigns groups early in the semester. This speech will present a topic of presidential proportions.Presentation styles will be discussed in class but each group member MUST be a presenter. Visual aids MUST be used. Minutes) Throughout the semester, each group will have opportunities to meet in class when time is available. During this time, the group will also have the opportunity to narrow down its topic for the Group Presentation. It should be a topic that can easily fit into the process defined in the Reflective Thinking Method. 1. Define the problem 2. Analyze the problem (research) 3. Establish criteria for solving the problem (more research based on previous research) 4.Generate potential solutions (pros and con viewpoints) 5. Select the best solution as determined by the group based on the research and present to the class current events issue. This project requires research by each group member at meetings outside of class. The group must do original research of its own, not Just information from known sources. Research may be in the form of a viable survey (to be discussed in class), face-to-face interviews or other traditional methods. This research with all other research MUST be documented in your bibliography.All team members receive the same grade for this project; however, each group ember has the opportunity to evaluate his/her team members after the presentation, which could affect the grade of someone who did not participate in the project. A Team Charter with consequences of nonparticipating will be drawn up and agreed upon by all team members as soon as teams are formed so everyone knows the results of his/her actions. The main speech text and outline with sources are to be presented to the instructor BEFORE the presentation with the names of all team members.You may use a professional speaking engagement, a eulogy or other church sermon, etc. The written assignment should be 2. To 4 pages, double-spaced and written clearly and concisely. Use standard 1 margins and standard fonts such as Times or Arial 12 apt. Give full details of who gave the speech, when and where the speech took place. Guest speakers in other classes are acceptable but not other instructors lectures. Speeches given in this class are NOT acceptable for critique, nor are the speeches shown in class. The due date for this assignment is Wednesday, March 20, 2013.

Top-25 Chemistry Features and Articles

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Chemistry quizzes  - Look here for all of the quizzes and self-tests and for links to quizzes at other sites.  This collection of chemistry test questions is grouped according to subject.  Home experiments  - Whether you are homeschooling or simply looking for chemistry activities that you can do with everyday materials, this link will help. The link includes everything from holiday-themed experiments to steps for building a volcano.Science fair experiments  - Get instructions for setting up your own project.  This list of science fair project ideas is grouped according to topic and educational level. Learn how to make a poster and give a presentation judges will love.

Managing strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Managing strategy - Essay Example On the other hand, the multi-featured cameras were given a strategy focused on differentiation, with an emphasis on providing high-priced but unique products. This can generally be viewed as a successful strategy because rival companies did not produce such products at such prices, but the marketing could have been improved. Increased competition especially in the entry-level segment demanded more innovation. This was mainly by competitors who manufactured entry-level cameras that offered affordable alternatives. More importantly, environmental concerns from authorities and activists raised the issue of shifting towards clean energy. To survive, the company will be forced to pay more attention to the concerns of environmentalist in order to appeal to consumers in ways that are ahead of competitors. First, this report will present an overview of the photography industry. Then, it will present an analysis of the industry as well as an internal analysis of Company X with a focus on the issues and challenges the company faces from which it will generate strategic growth options. The selected option will then be described in order to clarify its suitability to the company. This section will provide for the understanding of where the industry is heading by giving an insight of the trends and challenges it faces globally. Although Company X is not directly involved with taking photographs since it is not a studio, it is directly affected by trends of the industry because it supplies the key elements of the industry. The industry is agreeably undergoing a lot of change especially in the digital age, where mobile phones, tablets and other mobile devices are creating a new trend with their high resolution cameras. Essentially, this means that selling cameras (and consequentially taking photographs) is not an easy way to earn a living and needs

Supply Chain Managment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Supply Chain Managment - Essay Example With constant changes in the operational environment, most organizations are aware that performance and competitiveness in their respective markets can only be enhanced through creation of an active supply chain. This paper looks at some of the strategic implications of supply chain distribution in an organization and their influence on productivity and competitiveness of organizations. Various scholars have come up with various definitions to illustrate on what is meant by supply chain. According to Jacoby (2009:17), supply chain is a process through which goods are channelled from the point of production to the point of distribution, aiming at reaching consumers at the right time to gain profit. Processes involved in chains of distribution are so numerous that it requires aggressive business people to implement all of them. Such activities involve managing people, trying to utilize information, which helps in service delivery and utilization of the available resources in order to m aximize output. It is also worth to discuss supply chain management, which goes hand in hand with supply chain. Supply chain management is a term used to describe the network through which goods move from their raw nature through the processes of execution, procuring, processing, and distribution to the final consumers with an aim of creating and increasing net value. The supply chain management can be best understood by considering its classification and by looking at the components that constitute the supply chain. Such components include procurement procedures, the process of acquisition of raw materials, conversion of the raw materials into finished products and lastly logistics. All these have a role to play in ensuring that final consumers get the quality products and services they require at the right time. Considerably, a business should have it in mind that the driving force behind consumer satisfaction should not overwhelm the expenses incurred in production. The cost of p roduction and other legal charges like taxes should decide the cost of goods and services. However, offering quality goods and services should be at the heart of every profit making organization. It is not appropriate for a company to talk about supply chain without generally taking into consideration that it should be their objective to increase sales and in turn maximize profit. Every profit making organization has a role to play in ensuring that the correct supply chain application creates business and customer relations hence improve not only sales but also the required rapport in a business friendly environment. In line with this, it is in order to look at some of the contributions of supply chain to competitive advantages and profitability. According to Blanchard (2010: 12), carefully selected supply chains help in the reduction of cost of production. Companies and businesses can only achieve double-digit growth through effectively cutting on the cost of operating business. Th is can be done through opting for the best and reliable factors of production such as labour. Other subsidiary factors that facilitate production such as transportation costs can be minimized by setting up a business closer to the source of raw materials. This will not only minimize time wastage from the point of manufacturing to the consumers but it will also reduce other problems associated

Demonstration speech on paper airplane (The Stealth ) Essay

Demonstration speech on paper airplane (The Stealth ) - Essay Example Spreading the paper on the desk, hold the four edges and fold them to the center each at a time. Holding one half of the square paper, hold one make open the other side and make diagonal creases from the center to the edge of the paper and then flattened. This is then repeated on the other side of the paper to produce four flaps. After that, shift to of the flaps away and the whole work is folded into two after which the other two flaps are folded inversely. This is then followed by folding the larger flaps along the longer diagonal. At this time, the smaller flaps are inside reversed so that the tips of all the flaps point in one direction. To improve appearance of the paper aircraft, the four tips are folded inversely making edges flatten but ensuring that each pair of the flaps is of same height. Doing this is a bit challenging for beginners but with practice, you can comfortably fold the tips even when using small pieces of paper. Having done that, fold the paper from the tip of the aircraft to the front edge of the front flaps. Taking a look at the rear bottom edge of the aircraft, there are creases, which are inverse reverse folded. At the base of the front flaps, the crease available is inverse reverse folded to provide a landing surface. This is the followed by separating the rear wings and the paper aircraft is ready to be flown1. The making of a paper stealth aircraft is demanding and thus challenging for beginners. Despite this, with proper practice, perfecting is achievable. I am very grateful for your attention throughout this presentation. Thank you very

The Genre Of Documentary Photography

The Genre Of Documentary Photography In his examination of Lt. Col. Oliver L. Norths portrait, taken by Harry Benson for Life Magazine (1987), Andy Grundberg (1988) emphasizes the importance of the camera position, background elements and attitude of the subject towards a heroic appearance, even though the reality was somewhat different, visible in another, less interesting news photograph of Colonel North facing the full house of Congress. The juxtaposition of the two photographs makes one think of the kind of information photographs leave behind. Is it an actual reflection of the actuality or something more interpretable and selective? Putting this into the perspective of the pre-photographic history one could say that photographs are better representations of the historical events than say, paintings or drawings. Nevertheless this is not entirely true because photography can also be biased exactly as a painting using different capturing techniques, angles, and recently computer aided photo manipulation which makes everything so much easier to tamper with. John Griersons which is generally accepted as being the father of the documentary genre characterized it as the creative treatment of actuality. The first question that comes to my mind is why did he use the term actuality and not reality? For this we have to take a look at the definition of actuality. According to the Merriam-Webster online dictionary actual means existing in fact or reality. In my opinion reality is what you interpret and you think something is, and actuality is what it really is by looking at the facts. Reality and actuality are strongly connected and one can say that reality is what you perceive from actuality. John Tagg (p.172, 1988) argued that It is not a question of the struggle for truth but, rather, of a struggle around the status of truth and the economic and political role it plays. One of the iconic photographs that apply to this statement is Dorothea Langes Migrant Mother and the extensive debates around the truthfulness of the photograph. Is it that important that the photograph was staged, edited and cropped or not? The point is that even though it might be a staged photograph it still conveys the reality of the time. Lange was sent on assignment for the Farms Security Administration to document the poverty of the share-croppers. The story she associated with the image was not entirely true but it efficiently showed the condition of the migrant workers. It is arguable that the changes made to the original Migrant Mother photograph created the notoriety of the image (i.e. the editing out of the thumb, and the possible staging of the photograph). If we look at some of the other images from the shoot we can see clearly that at least one of the children is smiling. This could lead to the belief that Lange posed the two children with their faces behind her mother to hide their light heartedness. The final portray and the iconic image of the Migrant Mother is relating to what Grierson refers as creative treatment of actuality and nevertheless a reality for everyone who saw the image at the time. Another very well-known photograph which had a lot of debate whether is true or not, is one made by Duane Michals called This Photograph is My Proof. Duane admitted  [1]  he is gay in many of his interviews, so how can this photograph be true? He realised he is gay before his 20s and the photograph is taken when he was in his 30s thus leading us to think the photograph was staged. Tagg (p.16, 1993) argued that The camera seems to declare: This really happened. The camera was there. See for yourself. Ask yourself under what conditions would a photograph of the Loch Ness Monster or an Unidentified Flying Object become acceptable as proof of their existence? It seems that for Tagg the actuality of a photograph can only be proven by other means and not only by the photo on itself. The general belief is that photography is an objective medium able to portray an objective reality, but if we think about it one photograph is just one point of view. Just by changing the angle in which you take the photograph you can change its whole meaning. Edward Weston and Paul Strand were among the ones that strongly believed the mechanical nature of the camera is the most powerful argument for the truthfulness of photographs. In the book On photography, Sontag argues that (p176, To us, the difference between the photographer as an individual eye and the photographer as an objective recorder seems fundamental, the difference often regarded, mistakenly, as separating photography as art from photography as document. But both are logical extensions of what photography means: note-taking on, potentially, everything in the world, from every possible angle. This approach suggests that every image taken for artistic purposes or for recording purposes has a documentary quality. It means that even though someone took a photograph for aesthetic purposes its still a recording, but from another point of view. She further explains that the two attitudes underlie the presumption that anything in the world is material to the camera. If we could photograph the same subject from every angle by many different creative eyes we could end up with a series of images that show the actuality. Martin Parr had a different approach on documentary photography adding humour and irony to almost If not all of his photographs. He has a unique way of telling a story which is often harsh. His creative style is covered in irony, and this generates a very strong statement about society. His approach seems to be very close to actuality even if his unique style is very distinct. In her book called Documentary Dilemmas, Caroline Anderson (p.1, 1991) talks about Frederick Wiseman and his documentary film Titicut Follies saying that he (i.e. Wiseman) considered his films as reality fictions. Anderson (p.1, 1991) argues that Wiseman didnt want to be responsible for representing social actuality in an objective manner. He used the ambiguous term of reality fiction as an excuse to be able to classify his work in both documentary genre and as an artistic creation. Anderson (p.2, 1991) claims that Wiseman used the term of reality fiction as a claim upon film theory and not to point at the inevitable tension between actuality and film. Nevertheless Titicut Follies is still a documentary film. Elizabeth Cowie (p.22, 2011) referring to the recording of actuality in both photography and film, claims that two different predilections exist. There is the need for reality as a fact and the ability to review it, and on the other hand there is the need of rational knowledge, conveyed through logical interpretation. This idea reflects upon John Griersons creative treatment of actuality in a sense that a documentary creation has to represent the actuality but also to help the viewer see the reality which the creator wants to deliver. Looking at my own photographs for an example of Griersons statement I chose a photograph which shows a woman sleeping on the pavement between two bags that read A bag For Life. This photograph was taken a few steps from my place and could be a good example of the creative treatment of actuality. My intention was to articulate the fact that the woman was homeless but the reality is she can be anyone and anything and she just happened to enjoy the sunshine. A while ago I was asking myself if documentary photography is the middle ground between art and actuality. I was putting actuality, documentary photography and fine art photography in a hierarchy, fine art photography being on the highest ranks. This is because actuality on its own is not interesting, it does not have that spark of genius documentary photography and it does not have the creative approach of fine art photography. One of the best examples of how documentary photography shed light on the social injustices around the world is the Magnum Agency. Founded by Robert Capa, Henri Cartier- Bresson, George Rodger and David Chim Seymour the agency had, and still has, the purpose of chronicle the world through the distinctive eyes of each member thus creating a complete image of the society. Documentary photography indeed can be seen as a genre which binds the aspirations of photojournalism with the ones of photographic art, thus becoming a kind of bridge or grey area, if you like. The main characteristic of documentary photography is the appetite for social subjects that go beyond the simple story in the newspaper, becoming increasingly subjective but at the same time holding a grip to actuality and truth. For me creativity represents the fingerprint which the photographer applies to the raw actuality with the purpose of creating his own reality to share with the world.

Essay --

society poverty has various definitions that lack the true picture that poverty depicts. Dictionary defines poverty as â€Å"the state of one who lacks a usual or socially acceptable amount of money on material possessions.† In other words poverty is a situation where a person fail to earn a sufficient amount of income to purchase basic necessities such as food, shelter, clothes etc. In reality, poverty is much more than the capital resources. According to Laster Brown explained poverty as â€Å"the world without orders’ and further emphasized that â€Å"unfortunately it is a human condition. It is despair, grief and pain.† However, the issue of poverty and how we deal with it could differ among people. This idea is reflected in Peter Singer’s â€Å"Famine, Affluence and Morality† essay and the opposing essay written by John Arthur in â€Å"World hunger and moral obligation: the case against Singer.† Peter Singer raises the question of pove rty and our obligations toward it in his essay â€Å"Famine, Affluence, and Morality†. In the essay, Singer addresses the question of what obligations we have toward those ar...

Dominozz Pizza Research Paper Essay

Founded: In 1960 by Thomas S. Monaghan in Ypsilanti, Michigan. Ownership: In December 1998, investors, including funds managed by Bain Capital Inc. , a leading private equity investment firm, together with management and others, acquired a 93% stake in the Company, which was formerly owned by founder, Thomas Monaghan and his family. Description: Domino’s Pizza has been dedicated and committed to quality service, product and delivery excellence for more than 40 years, making it the world leader in pizza delivery. Domino’s is the largest privately held restaurant chain, and the eighth largest of all restaurant chains in the world. Products: Domino’s Pizza offers Crunchy Thin Crust, Ultimate Deep Dish and Classic Hand Tossed pizzas with a number of regional toppings. Side items include Domino’s Bread Sticks, Double Cheesy Bread, CinnaStix and Buffalo Wings. Beverages consist of icy cold Coca-Cola products. Stores: Domino’s Pizza operates a network of 6,977 owned and franchised stores in the United States and 64 international markets. Employees: Over 120,000 associates are employed by Domino’s around the globe, 15,000 of those are corporate employees, of which 550 work at the worldwide headquarters in Ann Arbor, Michigan. Each Domino’s store employs 15-30 part-time and full-time individuals Officer’s: David Brandon, chairman and chief executive officer Jim Stansik, special assistant to the CEO Harry Silverman, chief financial officer and executive vice president, finance/administration Tim Monteith, chief information officer Hoyt Jones, executive vice president, flawless execution-franchise stores Patrick Knotts, executive vice president, flawless execution-corporate stores Patrick Doyle, executive vice president, Domino’s Pizza International and acting executive vice president, build the brand Mike Soignet, executive vice president, maintain high standards Tim McIntyre, vice president, corporate communications Elisa D. Garcia C. , executive vice president and general counsel Patti Wilmot, executive vice president, people first. National Charity: In August 1998, Domino’s Pizza began a long-term relationship with Easter Seals, which has become the corporation’s first national charity of choice. Through this alliance, Domino’s is dedicated to helping children and adults with disabilities and their families. Distribution: Through its network of 18 domestic distribution centers, Domino’s Pizza Distribution regularly supplies more than 4,600 pizza stores with more than 150 products, ranging from dough to pizza boxes. The number of products offered by DPD continues to expand. Similarly, the ongoing demand for new technology and basic equipment is provided by DPD’s Equipment & Supply division, which offers items such as make lines, crew uniforms and ovens as well as merchandise support for national promotional programs. Industry: Pizza is a $30 billion per year industry. Approximately 3 billion pizzas are sold in the U. S. annually through 61,269 pizzerias. Each man, woman and child in America eats an average of 46 slices (23 pounds) of pizza a year. Pepperoni is America’s favorite topping (36% of all pizza orders); approximately 251,770,000 pounds are consumed each year. Inovations: Domino’s HeatWave hot bags were introduced in 1998. Each heated hot bag contains a patented heating mechanism warmed via electricity. Once unplugged, this technology keeps the pizza oven-hot during a normal delivery. The outer material of the bag is made with water-repellent nylon rather than the vinyl material previously used. Inside the bag is 3M Thinsulate insulation, which eliminates unwanted moisture, keeping the pizzas both hot and crisp. To allow Domino’s stores to concentrate on making and delivering pizzas, Domino’s developed a central commissary system. This relieves stores from long hours making dough, grating cheese and preparing toppings. Today, Domino’s Pizza Distribution provides high quality dough and ingredients nationwide, keeping the company’s pizza consistently delicious. Other pizza and fast food companies in the U. S have adopted this same system. Fresh and delicious pizza has always been a priority at Domino’s Pizza. Domino’s was the first to use a fiberglass tray for dough, which simplified dough handling and ensured better preservation. Domino’s was the innovator behind the sturdy, corrugated pizza box, which keeps moisture from weakening the box, while preventing cheese from sticking to the top during delivery. A delicious, crisp crust is one of the most important parts of the pizza. In search of the perfect crust, Domino’s developed the pizza screen, a mesh tray that helps cook pizza crust more evenly than a tray made of wood or stainless steel. Today it’s hard to miss pizza delivery cars — thanks to Domino’s Pizza. Domino’s invented the 3-D car-top sign, which is currently used by a variety of industries, including taxis and driving schools Company history. In 1960 Tom Monaghan and brother James purchase â€Å"DomiNick’s,† a pizza store in Ypsilanti, Michigan. Monaghan borrowed $500 to buy the store. Then in 1961 brother James trades his half of the business to Tom for a Volkswagen Beetle. By 1965 Tom Monaghan is sole owner of company, and renames the business â€Å"Domino’s Pizza, Inc. †Next Tom opens the first Domino’s Pizza franchise store opens in Ypsilanti, Michigan in 1967. Then in 1968 the company headquarters and commissary are destroyed by fire, also the first Domino’s store outside of Michigan opens in Burlington, Vermont. Then in 1975 Amstar Corp., maker of Domino Sugar, files a trademark infringement lawsuit against Domino’s Pizza and then in 1978 the 200th Domino’s pizza store opens. Now it is 1980 and a Federal court rules Domino’s Pizza did not infringe on the Domino Sugar trademark and Tom gets to keep his trademark. I n 1983 Domino’s first international store opens in Winnipeg, Canada. The 1,000th Domino’s store opens. By 1984 ground is broken for new headquarters, Domino’s Farms, in Ann Arbor, Michigan. Then in 1985 Domino’s opens a remarkable 954 units, for a total of 2,841, making Domino’s the fastest-growing pizza company in the country. Then Tom decides he needs to try something new so in 1989 he decides to introduce the Pan Pizza, the company’s first new product. Domino’s opens its 5,000th store. In 1990 Domino’s Pizza signs its 1,000th franchise. In 1992 Domino’s rolls out bread sticks, the company’s first national non-pizza menu item. In 1993 the new Crunchy Thin Crust pizza is rolled out nation-wide. The Company discontinues the 30-minute guarantee and re-emphasizes the Total Satisfaction Guarantee: If for any reason you are dissatisfied with your Domino’s Pizza dining experience, we will re-make your pizza or refund your money. In 1994 tom has a big because Buffalo Wings are rolled out in all U. S. stores, the first Domino’s opens in Eastern Europe in Warsaw, Poland and the first agreement to develop Domino’s Pizza in an African country was signed by Specialized Catering Services, Inc. In 1995 Domino’s Pizza International division opens its 1000th store. First store opens on African continent, in Cairo, Egypt. Another big year for the company is 1996 when Domino’s launches its web site on the Internet (www. dominos. com). Domino’s rolls out flavored crusts, for limited time only promotions, nationally for the first time in company history. The company reaches record sales of $2. 8 billion system-wide in 1996. In 1997 Domino’s Pizza opened its 1,500th store outside the United States, opening seven stores in 1 day on 5 continents consecutively. Domino’s Pizza launched a campaign to update the company logo and store interior with brighter colors and a newer look. In 1998 Domino’s launches another industry innovation, Domino’s HeatWave, a hot bag using patented technology that keeps pizza oven-hot to the customer’s door. Domino’s Pizza opens 6000th store in San Francisco, California in April. Domino’s Pizza founder, Tom Monaghan, announces retirement and sells 93% of Company to Bain Capital, Inc. In 1999 David Brandon is named Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Domino’s Pizza. Domino’s Pizza announces record results for 1999. Worldwide sales exceed $3. 36 billion. Revenues increased 4. 4% over 1998. Now this brings us to the year 2000 where Domino’s Pizza International opens its 2000th store outside the United States. Domino’s Pizza celebrates 40 years of delivering pizza and innovation to homes around the world. During the past four decades, Domino’s has paved the way for businesses involved in food delivery, employing practices that have set the standard in the industry. Domino’s Pizza announces record results for 2000. Worldwide sales exceed $3. 54 billion. Revenues increased 5. 3% over 1999. Mission Statement Since 1960, Domino’s Pizza has been committed to providing our customers with the best-tasting, highest-quality pizza, using only the finest ingredients, and delivering it directly to their door. That is what made us the world leader in pizza delivery. We continue to focus on our Vision: Exceptional People on a mission to be the best pizza delivery company in the world. (Domino’s) Company Mission Good pizza. It’s our mission. And while it may seem like a simple one, the lengths we’ll undertake to fulfill it are anything but. We hand-stretch our crust for maximum flavor. We pioneered the Domino’s HeatWave? bag so our customer’s pizza is always delivered hot. And we use only the freshest, highest quality ingredients. (Domino’s) But at Domino’s, we’re not only dedicated to quality service, product and delivery; we’re dedicated to our staff. Nearly all Domino’s Pizza franchise owners started out as Domino’s store employees. With focused vision, hard work, and at least one year’s service as store manager, you can have the opportunity to make the leap into franchising with one of the most innovative and exciting companies in the fast food industry Founded in 1960, Domino’s makes and delivers nearly 6 million pizzas a week in over 60 countries around the world. Domino’s has more than 6,000 stores (85% of which are owned by franchisees) with 1999 worldwide sales of more than $3. 3 billion. As a franchisee, you’ll have a positive influence on people lives and the community you serve. But owning a Domino’s Pizza store isn’t for everyone. It’s a lot of hard work. It is for the strong, determined individual who understands our mission and knows what it takes to make it come true. (Domino’s) Social Responsibility Domino’s Pizza, founded in 1960, is the recognized world leader in pizza delivery. Domino’s Pizza operates a network of company-owned and franchise-owned stores in the United States and international markets. But Domino’s isn’t just about delivering; it’s also about giving back to the community. Domino’s Pizza believes that an essential component of its corporate responsibility is to provide support to charitable organizations that benefit the communities where our employees and customers work and live. Headquartered in Ann Arbor, Michigan, Domino’s is committed to supporting initiatives and causes in its hometown while also participating in national programs that align with our vision, guiding principles and strategic focus. (Domino’s) In February 2001, Domino’s Pizza announced an exclusive national partnership with the Make-A-Wish Foundation. Domino’s Pizza has made a corporate decision to devote our philanthropic resources exclusively to the Make-A-Wish Foundation. Domino’s has made an ongoing commitment to Make-A-Wish to deliver wishes to children with life threatening illnesses and to assist Make-a-Wish with their benevolent volunteer efforts through heightened awareness and direct contributions. The Make-A-Wish Foundation grants the wishes of children with life-threatening illnesses to enrich the human experience with hope, strength and joy. Make-A-Wish is the largest wish-granting organization in the world, with 81 chapters in the US and 22 international affiliates on five continents. Since its founding in 1980, Make-A-Wish has granted a wish to every qualified child referred more than 83,000 wishes to children around the world. Wishes are granted through private donors and more than 20,000 volunteers worldwide. (Domino’s) In addition to being civic-minded, Domino’s Pizza is also concerned about its team members’ needs. In 1986, Domino’s Pizza Partners Foundation was established to assist employees in time of special need or tragedy as a result of natural disasters, unexpected afflictions, on-the-job accidents, and other emergencies. The Foundation’s primary support comes from voluntary employee payroll deductions, company functions and special events. Since its inception, Domino’s Pizza Partners Foundations has helped thousands of Domino’s Pizza employees and their families with financial, emotional, intermediary and advisory assistance. (Domino’s) Centralization Domino’s Pizza has a highly centralized when it comes to what the franchises will sell and how they will sell it. All the decisions concerning food products and ingredients and what new products will be offered all come from top management and the stores have to follow this structure rigorously. Now on the other hand when it comes to training of the employees things are quite different. At Domino’s Pizza, 85 percent of a non-supervisory employee’s training occurs on the job and is proved by the store manager or franchise owner. Each employee is trained to fill most of the shop’s five jobs, (order taker, pizza maker, oven tender, router and driver), which helps during rush hours when a crewmember does not appear for work. Performance standards are demanding; the order taker must answer the call within three rings and take the order within 45 seconds. The pizza maker must make the pizza and place it in the oven within one minute. The oven tender must take one pizza out while putting another I within 5 seconds and cut and box the pizza by the count of 15. Although the bulk of training is on the job far away from corporate headquarters, Domino’s corporate training staff maintains some control over training by providing a variety of training aids. The staff makes available to shop management 14 videotapes on such tasks as delivery, dough management, image, and pizza making. Each shop also displays corporate-produced training posters with job hints and reminders throughout the work place. Store managers are trained by a six-week course, typically a six-month MIT program that includes coursework in pizza dough management, people management, cost management, and how to conduct on the job training of hourly employees. Manager trainees progress through five levels of training with higher performance requirements and more responsibilities at each level. On the job training is an important part of the training program. Many franchise owned and all company owned stores send management trainees to the regional training center for classes taught by corporate trainers; however management training often is decentralized, with franchise owners conducting the MIT courses themselves. Franchise owners must be certified to conduct the formal courses for their manager trainees. The certification process requires that the owner complete a â€Å"Training Dynamics† course on how to teach manger trainees; observe certified teachers training the MIT series of course; and then co-teach the series with a regional trainer, who must approve the franchisee’s performance. () The quality of training provided by the franchise is enhanced by the owners substantial in store management experience. With all of these different ways of training in the end it is still a decentralized structure. Activities Domino’s pizza is having a little problem with their turnover rate, which is now in the vicinity of 300 t0 400 percent with employee but a lot less managers. Therefore managers do all they can do to keep there young employees happy, one of the reasons the turnover rate is so high is because of the age of the average employee is 18 to 21. The culture that surrounds Domino’s is a young one with open minds for new ideas; it also is one for caring and giving for and to the community. This culture was first started by Tom Monagham in 1960 and is now carried on by CEO David Brandon. Technology has played a major role in Domino’s since the beginning, with help of computers so that your address can be pulled by just the use of a telephone number, the caller id system which is now linked to the computer so address is automatically pulled up when you call in and the heatwave bag which allows the pizza to be hotter when it arrives at your door. All of these things have allowed Dominos to adapt to the times and keep it a strong running company. Also there new ideas on food products and menu items have also allowed them to stay head of the game making them a top competitor in there market. The efficiency with which Dominos run is remarkable in the aspect of time but if you look at there turnover rate it is something that might need some work, however dealing with people of that age group it is hard to get anyone to commit to delivering pizzas for life. In conclusion Dominos is a company that started in 1960 with a single store and went public and now has stores all over the world. This once little pizza shop is now global and has met up to all the challenges that face a company when it’s growing stages. The culture is one that stood the test of time so far and has a great look for the future. With all of this in mind Domino’s Pizza is a company that we will see for along time into the future.

The Tesco store Essay Example

The Tesco store Essay Example The Tesco store Essay The Tesco store Essay As we have chosen to report on Tesco Plc as our main company to research and advise after comparison with competition. We will compare Tesco with one of its closest market rivals; Sainsburys, to provide a analysis of what they are doing better and can learn from in order to compete as well as learn from the others mistakes, and also to consider the direction the company is heading as well as highlight the characteristics Tesco has as a company which makes it the UKs number one retailer. Tesco is a very large company in a very competitive sector. The aim of this report is to advise a shareholder on the performance of the chosen company; Tesco Plc, in order to inform them of the health of the company and advise what action they should take in relation to the companys shares. Many issues will be considered that are internal issues of the company such as its own activities as well as external issues such as competition (Sainsburys) in the market as this will obviously affect share value. We will provide in our report a portfolio of various relevant financial ratios that will help us to analyse the profit and loss accounts, and balance sheets of both companies to understand better which companies shares would be a better investment. We will use the current annual reports of both companies to make comparisons of the performance of both companies, given that the latest annual reports are already out of date by the time they are printed we will also look at other up to date sources of information on the performance of both companies such as news reports, press releases and expert analysis already in existence in order to explain our view of the present position of the company and future trading environment it will operate in. In this report we are aiming to explain why there is such a major difference between these two companies even though they operate in the same industry; using this information in the report we will present our findings and recommendations. We will also include in the appendices of the report additional information such as minutes of our team meetings and financial data. We will also provide with the report the latest annual reports of both companies as they will help the reader to further understand our findings that we base our advise upon. Tesco was founded in 1924 by Sir Jack Cohen. Using his gratuity from his Army service in the Great War he started selling groceries in the markets of Londons East End markets in 1919. The brand name of Tesco made its first appearance on tea packets in the 1920s. The name was based on the initials of T. E. Stockwell who was a partner in the firm of tea suppliers, and the first two letters of Cohen. They opened the first Tesco store in 1929 in Burnt Oak, Edgware. Tesco Stores (Holdings) Ltd was floated on the Stock Exchange in 1947, with a share price of 25p. The price at the beginning of February 2002 was around 2. 42p. modify! By the early 1960s, Tesco had become a household name. Along with groceries they also sold fresh food, household goods and clothing in their stores. Tesco stores were located in the high streets of towns and cities up and down the country. In 1961 Tesco opened the largest store in Europe at the time at 16,500 square feet of shop floor. Given the size of Tesco during the 1960s they should have been able to use their economies of scale such as bulk buying power to reduce costs in order to be able to sell goods at lower prices in order to be more competitive than their competition (especially independent stores) as they do now, but they were restricted up until 1964 when laws that allowed suppliers to insist stores sell their goods at a price set by them (Resale price maintenance) were removed. These laws made it difficult for Tesco to reduce price as the whole purpose of these laws were to protect small stores from being heavily undercut by large chains such as Tesco. A earlier version of the current reward card systems in place at all major chains of supermarkets were trading stamps introduced by Tesco to build a reward system for customers in order to build customer loyalty and entice customers through the ability to make savings. Customers received stamps when they made purchases. Once they had collected enough stamps to complete a book, they had the choice to exchange the book for cash or other gifts. The reward system was later taken up by other companies and still exists now in a more sophisticated form. As well as expanding its chain by opening new stores; Tesco also bought existing chains of stores. In 1960 it bought out a chain of 212 stores in the north of England, then another 144 stores in 1964 and 1965. In 1968 it took over the Victor Value chain of stores. Tesco was first to introduce the concept of a superstore in 1967 by opening a 90,000 square feet store in Westbury, Wiltshire. In retailing the superstore was a new concept; a very large unit on the outskirts of a town, which is designed to provide easy access to customers coming by car or public transport. The term superstore was first used in relation to the Tesco store opened in Crawley, West Sussex, in 1968. Tesco has grown at great speed in size, value and profit since its formation. In 1979, its annual turnover reached i 1. It went on to in 1987 to announce a i 500 million program to build another 29 stores. By 1991, the popularity of Tesco petrol stations at its superstores had made Tesco Britains largest independent petrol retailer. In September of 2002 Tesco launched its own exclusive clothing brand Cherokee in many of its UK stores. The Cherokee brand, along with Florence Fred and Tesco own brand clothing went on to see sales increase by 6 times the market rate. The stores have a diverse range of goods beyond just food and household goods such as clothing, electronics, financial services and petrol to name a few. It has tried to target important niche markets such as organic food that are growing in size.

Idea of a Pseudo Public Sphere Essay Example

Idea of a Pseudo Public Sphere Essay Example Idea of a Pseudo Public Sphere Essay Idea of a Pseudo Public Sphere Essay The Matrix an absence of a public sphere is expressed through three different dimensions of human consciousness. Neo, otherwise known as Thomas A. Anderson has always had some type of unorthodox feeling about the world he lives in and therefore Is on a hunt for a cyber-program called the matrix. The rising action of the story doesnt begin until a man who goes by the name of Morpheme concludes that Neo is the One that can save the seemingly oblivious and asleep humans from the fake world and more importantly, public sphere in which they live. Once Neo learns of the fake reality he was living In during his fake, life he loins a team of a hand -full of humans who broke out of the matrix to defeat the agents and make all humans aware that artificial intelligence is running their lives. The decision Morpheme makes to be the initial man to break free from the matrix is crucial to the story. Without it the rest of the world would have lived out their lives In battery pods while the machines sucked away their own resources for fuel. As the main characters in the film fought against the agents and a desolated wasteland here most of humanity have been captured by a race of machines that live off of the humans body heat and electrochemical energy, one couldnt help but wonder about the lack of Information being passed around In the human society. As a result, only a handful of humans knowing the truth, it seemed like a public sphere of information was being kept from everyone and everything. As a result human society could not be pictured as being free and full of democracy. In fact, it seemed like the world could never really be the same due to the giant virtual reality being placed on every human Ewing possible. Thus, the pseudo public sphere human beings actually live in Is quite different from the public sphere and fake ideologies holding together a virtual world made up of nothing. Thomas A. Anderson, also known as Neo, Is the protagonist in the film who represents the key to unlocking human beings from being slaves of their own mind. Neo is the centralized figure whose main focus is to break free from the pseudo public sphere in which human beings operate in and also change the fake ideologies the human race as a whole think they founded upon. Morpheme is true leader of the group and was the first human to break free from the matrix and Into the real world of artificial intelligence. With Morphemes mastery of the matrix system he becomes the man who is on a never ending hunt to find the supposed chosen one who can break the human race free of a pseudo public sphere and the simulated ideology running the lives of everyone. The oracle In the story represents an occurring theme throughout the movie, which deals with fate. As the film progresses Neo Is constantly contemplating if fate runs his life, or a self made destiny. The oracle is the figure that symbolizes this internal conflict and therefore plays a pivotal role in the struggle between being informed, or simply having ones life planned out before an individual Is born. Agent Smith Is the program who was made by artificial intelligence In order to protect the privacy of the real public sphere and keep human beings believing 1 OFF needs to be protected from the truth in order for artificial intelligence to prosper. For this specific reason Agent Smith can be labeled as the face of the protagonist in the film. One of the key scenes the movie portrays is where Neo is waking up from the matrix into what is now known as the pseudo- Public Sphere. The double meaning of this scene holds great significance not only because it reveals the major conflict in the story, but also because it serves as an abstract idea expressed throughout the film. This scene reveals that artificial intelligence has overtaken the human race and now uses their unconscious bodies as a source of bilaterally energy to fuel their world. All the while humans live in a fake reality, which is run and maintained by artificial intelligence. This reality is known as the matrix of modern human civilization as we know it exist today. The scene also represents a quite ironic false sense of knowing and being informed, known as a pseudo public sphere. Even though humans believe they live in a democratic society where information is freely passed around, in reality any type of ideology constructed by the human race in the last couple of thousand years has actually been fake. These fake ideologies are concluded by coming to the realization that humans are manipulated for their resources and pet hidden from the truth about how artificial intelligence runs the world. Another key scene occurs during the rising action of the film, a scene where Morpheme has offered Neo the choice between being enlightened and within the public sphere of society, or becoming an uninformed citizen who lives out the rest of his life in a world full of fake ideologies and a manipulated truth. This scene which is otherwise known as taking the red pill or the blue pill represents an important episode in the movie because Neo is offered the chance between two interpretive abstractions related to Ewing informed or lack there of. As discussed and viewed in the film, these two choices relate to being in the public sphere or confining to the rules and ideologies that run the program off fake human civilization. As Neo is finally about to learn his fate from the old and wise oracle as to whether or not he is the chosen one, he comes across an adolescent monk who is seen bending a spoon with his mind. Perplexed by the events that unfolded in front of him, Neo asks the young monk how he bent the spoon. The monk expresses to Neo Do not try and bend the spoon, thats impossible. Instead, only try to realize the truth. There is no spoon. Neo now knows everything he has ever known is Just a false construct and the spoon isnt real. His mind is simply envisioning the spoon Just as human beings are envisioning a false consciousness and reality. This is exactly what the interpretive abstraction of an ideology has lead them to believe. Neo finally concludes that he is in fact now part of the real public sphere of enlightenment rather than the pseudo public sphere that proceeds around him.

Elasticity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Elasticity - Essay Example The function of responsiveness of a particular variable to the change in parameters of the other variables is what elasticity is all about. The frequently used dimensions of elasticity include price elasticity of demand, price elasticity of supply, income elasticity of demand and elasticity of substitution between factors of production. Because of the immense contribution that the concept of elasticity has made to the study of responsiveness of price and other factors to changes in demand and supply, it has indeed made a significant contribution to the understanding of the market and agents in its. This is the topic for this paper and the subsequent paragraphs discuss the concept in detail along with the example of a supermarket to elucidate the concept. If we take the first dimension or the PED (Price Elasticity of Demand), this is the percentage change in the quantity demanded for a drop or rise in price and hence measures how â€Å"elastic† the demand is to a change in the price of the good. The measurement of PED is by dividing the percentage change in the quantity demanded by the percentage change in the price and since either the percentage change in demand or the percentage change in price is negative, the PED is always negative. Hence, the PED is usually expressed in terms of absolute values. Goods that have a PED of more than 1 are supposed to be highly elastic meaning that changes in price have a large effect on the change in demand. On the other hand, goods that have a PED less than 1 or between 0 and 1 are supposed to be inelastic or relatively inelastic. This is because the change in demand is not that much greater for a change in price (Ayers & Collins, 2003). If we apply this dimension to the case of the superm arket, we find that goods like alcoholic beverages and luxury products like perfumes and cosmetics are highly elastic since a drop in the price invariably leads to

PROBLEM STATEMENT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

PROBLEM STATEMENT - Essay Example At a societal level, difference and its history of institutionalization in apartheid is a constant challenge in South Africa: the most glaring difference being between those who have resources and those who do not. There is also constant awareness of the different losses they struggle to make sense of. Many South African couples struggle to survive economically, or even physically, with illnesses such as Aids and Tuberculosis; others are torn between their traditional and new religion, culture, identity, and family structures. Some might face trauma from the high crime rate, the loss of friends and family through emigration and an uncertain future, with the prophetic words of Breyten, Breytenbach ringing in their ears from across the Pacific: If you Can Stand the Loss, Leave S.A. Now (headline in the Cape Times, November 2008). All change, of course, is typically accompanied by some feelings of loss. (Marris, 1974). The issue of managing difference and loss, most especially when this is extreme, preoccupies many South Africans. In this regard, the words of Charles Waldegrave (2008) come to mind: When you begin to honour different cultures equally, you can expect many cross-cultural collisions. In this paper we suggest that it is in the conscious mourning and reparation following cross-cultural collisions or the confrontation of differences in couple work and in society that the healing of relationships can start to flourish. The differences - death and life, black and white, haves and have-nots can begin to challenge each other in a way which could eventually lead to reflective and responsible introspection, and hence to more grounded reparation. In South Africa, however, this process often seems more complicated. In South Africa the process of mourning is frequently blocked by unconscious processes, most especially in times of trauma and extreme forms of loss. This idea arose